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Recent research has revealed that age-related hearing loss is the most significant modifiable factor in the development of dementia, spurring attention to the early use of hearing aids as a preventative measure. Although hearing loss affects approximately 70% of people aged 75 and over, many people simply assume it's due to age and don't take appropriate measures. However, hearing and cognitive function are closely related, and it's clear that hearing loss increases the risk of dementia. This series will explain the importance of hearing aids in two parts. In Part 2, we'll introduce information that can lead to concrete action, such as key points for selecting a hearing aid and public support systems. The optimal hearing aid choice varies depending on each individual's hearing condition, lifestyle, and budget. Finding the right hearing aid not only improves your hearing but also helps maintain cognitive function.

There are many different types of hearing aids, each with its own unique features and functions. Understanding the characteristics of each type is important to make the right choice.
Behind-the-ear hearing aids are worn behind the ear and are divided into two types: BTE and RIC. BTE hearing aids have a sound-introducing tube inserted into the ear canal, while RIC hearing aids have a receiver placed directly inside the ear. They are easy to use and have a long battery life, making them suitable for a wide range of hearing losses from mild to severe, but their relatively large size tends to make them more visible.
In -the-ear hearing aids are custom-made to fit each individual's ear shape and hearing ability, and fit snugly into the ear canal. Their greatest appeal is their compact size and inconspicuousness, but wearing comfort varies from person to person, and the fit varies depending on the shape of the ear. They are primarily suited to mild to moderate hearing loss, but due to sound amplification limitations and battery capacity constraints resulting from their compact design, they may not be suitable for severe hearing loss.
Pocket hearing aids are devices that are stored in a pocket or similar location and connected to earphones via a cord. Because they are easy to operate, they are suitable for the elderly and those with limited dexterity. They are relatively inexpensive, have high maximum output, and are available in a wide range of models, especially for those with severe hearing loss. However, care must be taken when handling the cord, as it may cause noise due to the cord rubbing against clothing.

The important thing when choosing a hearing aid is not to choose a high-priced or high-performance model, but to select and adjust a model that suits your individual ears.
　
In terms of functionality, hearing aids are divided into digital and analog types. Most hearing aids currently on the market are digital, which converts sound into a digital signal and processes it, allowing for fine adjustments to suit the environment. On the other hand, analog types only provide simple amplification and are now in the minority.
Also, "hearing aids" and "sound amplifiers" are different things. Hearing aids are approved as medical devices and can be adjusted to suit an individual's hearing ability, while sound amplifiers simply amplify sounds and do not improve the quality of hearing.
　
Before wearing a hearing aid, you must first be diagnosed by an otolaryngologist to determine whether you have any ear diseases that require treatment and whether hearing aids can be used safely. You will then undergo a hearing test. An audiogram will help you determine the frequency ranges and the degree of hearing loss, allowing you to find the best hearing aid for you.

Hearing aid prices vary widely, from low-cost models costing around 30,000 yen per ear to digital hearing aids with advanced features costing over 500,000 yen.
In addition, if certain conditions are met, you may be eligible for public subsidies. For example, if you have a physical disability certificate (generally level 4 or higher) due to hearing impairment, you are eligible for the assistive device subsidy system under the Comprehensive Support for Persons with Disabilities Act, and in principle you only have to pay 10% of the cost yourself.
In addition, there are subsidy programs for children under 18 with mild to moderate hearing loss, and subsidy programs for the purchase of hearing aids set up by local governments for the elderly. These programs vary in terms of eligibility and content depending on the local government, so it is important to check in advance. In addition to public support, the cost of purchasing hearing aids can be claimed as a medical expense on your tax return and be deducted as a medical deduction.

When purchasing a hearing aid, it is important to choose a facility that allows you to try out hearing aids.Specific examples include hearing aid specialty stores with reliable "hearing aid technicians" with specialized knowledge and skills, hearing aid outpatient clinics at hospitals, and medical institutions with hearing aid consultants appointed as "hearing aid experts" by the Japan Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
Hearing aids are not effective enough just by wearing them. To achieve optimal hearing, precise initial adjustments tailored to each individual's hearing characteristics are essential. Experts will adjust the settings specifically for the range of sounds you have difficulty hearing, and confirm the effectiveness of the hearing aid through hearing tests while wearing it. In many cases, a trial period of one to two weeks is included, allowing you to fully assess how the hearing aids will feel in your daily life. If you experience any problems during the trial, such as difficulty hearing or excessive loudness, it is important to feel free to request readjustments or a change in model. Similarly, if you are uncomfortable with the fit or volume, you can maximize the true value of the hearing aids by making repeated adjustments until you are satisfied.

Choosing a hearing aid is not a one-time purchase, but an ongoing process to improve your quality of life through improved hearing. It is important to seek the advice of a hearing specialist and choose a hearing aid that suits your hearing condition and lifestyle. Early use of hearing aids is also thought to contribute to preventing cognitive decline. Don't ignore hearing problems, but take proactive measures to regain a fulfilling daily life.